TLD

TLD stands for Top-Level Domain, which is the last part of a domain name in the Domain Name System (DNS).

Examples:

• .com – Commercial (the most widely used TLD)
• .org – Organizations (typically non-profits)
• .net – Networks (historically used for network-related services)
• .info – Informational websites
• .biz – Business
• .edu - education
• .gov - government US
• and so on

Physical Network Devices

Switch - Send traffic out to port where it is supposed to go

Hub - send traffic out and relies on host to decide if the packet is meant for them

Nslookup <address>  = DNS lookup

"Non-authoritative answer" = means the the DNS server does not actually have the <website.com*> in its database of of domains, but relied on a DNS further up the chain.

IPv4 Address

An IPv4 address is a 32-bit numerical label assigned to a device connected to a network. Think of it as the unique ID that helps identify your device in a network. An IPv4 address is typically written in four decimal numbers separated by dots, like 192.168.1.10

Components of IPv4 Addresses:

1. Network ID: This part specifies the particular network a device is on.